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Quick Tip:

Adjectives are never plural

I like red cars.

I have two big dogs.

The English are polite people.

My building has ten floors.
I live in a ten-floor building.

This job requires two people.
It's a two-person job.

My son is nine years old.
I have a nine-year-old son.

The flight lasts 12 hours.
It’s a 12-hour flight.

I saw a 100-mile-per-hour police chase.


Adjectives are used before nouns

I have a black cat.

We bought a fast car.

Yesterday I saw a fantastic film.

You have a beautiful, big house.

Mary wore a short, green skirt.

For my birthday I got a cool, black watch.

My cousin has a fast, old, American car.

My parents bought a huge, modern house.


Beware of uncountable nouns!

I need much information about London.
('information' is never plural)

We have a lot of equipment.
('equipment' is never plural)

I get a lot of advice from my teachers.
('advice' is never plural)

Today I installed a lot of software on my computer.
('software' is never plural)

I have much work to do today.
('work' is never plural)

I put much music on my pendrive.
('music' is never plural)


Possessive adjectives: your/his/her

You have a lovely family. ("você")
Your family is lovely.

He has a lovely wife. ("ele")
His wife is lovely.

She has a nice husband. ("ela")
Her husband is nice.

You have nice kids. ("vocês")
Your kids are nice.

Tom has a big car.
His car is big.

Suzy has a beautiful cat.
Her cat is beautiful.


When using the Past Simple, use a time reference

Yesterday I went to the park.

I played football when I was young.

I was married a long time ago.

Three weeks ago we started our company.

When I was at university I smoked a lot.

It was my birthday two weeks ago.

Last Saturday we saw a football game.

My parents visited me on Sunday.


gonna, wanna, lotta, gotta

These are informal contractions in American English.

gonna = going to
I'm gonna win the match tomorrow!

wanna = want to
I wanna see what's going on.

lotta = lot of
He won a lotta money on the lottery yesterday.

gotta = got to
I've gotta go now. Bye!


Y/N responses repeat the first word

A: Do you want coffee? B: Yes, I do.

A: Did you watch the match? B: Yes, I did.

A: Does he live in Texas? B: Yes, he does.

A: Can you work today? B: Yes, I can.

A: Have you seen Bob? B: Yes, I have.

A: Would you like a drink? B: Yes, I would.

A: Is he French? B: Yes, he is.

A: Was he drunk last night? B: Yes, he was.


Exception:
A: Are you ready? B: Yes, I am.


Always use a subject with every verb

Temos um gato.
We have a cat.

Vi você ontem.
I saw you yesterday.

Têm uma casa grande.
They have a big house.

Está chovendo.
It is raining.

A: Onde está o John? B: Está na garagem.
A: Where's John? B: He is in the garage.

Comprei uvas. São doces.
I bought grapes. They are sweet.


Word order changes in Y/N questions

He is here. → Is he here?

I am crazy. → Am I crazy?

He can play guitar. → Can he play guitar?

You must go now. → Must you go now?

I should stop. → Should I stop?

They are French. → Are they French?

There is a car. → Is there a car?

There are errors. → Are there errors?

The film has started. → Has the film started?

John had eaten. → Had John eaten?


Correct people with an auxiliary verb

A: You don't speak English. B: I do!

A: He doesn't know you. B: He does!

A: They eat meat. B: They don't!

A: He lives in Miami. B: He doesn't!

A: I don't speak Spanish. B: You do!

A: She likes Peter. B: She doesn't!

A: They like dogs. B: They do not!

A: She always cooks. B: She does not!

A: I have a big house. B: You do not!


Don't confuse 'always' and 'ever'

'always' = 'sempre'

'ever' = 'alguma vez'

'never' = 'not ever' / 'nenhuma vez'


I always drink coffee when I wake up.
Eu sempre bebo café quando eu acordo.

Do you always drink tea with milk?
Você sempre toma chá com leite?

Have you ever visited Europe?
Você alguma vez visitou a Europa?

I have never been to Europe.
Eu nenhuma vez estive na Europa.


Use a gerund after a preposition

Thanks for helping me.

I'm tired of walking to school.

He is good at speaking English.

I brush my teeth before going to bed.

I am used to living in the city.

We're thinking about travelling to Europe.

He's interested in becoming a lawyer.

You can succeed by trying hard.





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